(Figure 6) [, Hook-on and attachable ladders must be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold on which they are used. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. Authorized Person Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. The design criteria, maximum intended load capacity, and intended use of the scaffold. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. Such a scaffold can be set up on either side of the building, and offers a great level of flexibility. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where installing and using it does not create a greater hazard. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. They are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. 22.B.12 Scaffolds shall be plumb and level unless engineered and designed to contour as the structure does. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. Scaffolding is naturally unstable because it is usually a tall structure with a narrow base. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not allowed to be modified to make them fit together, unless a competent person determines that the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Is erected plumb and level. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. The drawback to stairways, however, is the amount of space they are likely to take up in the overall structure. [, Stair rails and handrails surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing. 4. For long (running) scaffolds, guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. This will determine how many of each component you will need. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. Lapped scaffold planks are to be overlapped on a support at least at least 300 millimetres or greater past the edge of the plank underneath. Frames and panels should also be locked together to prevent uplift. Midrails must be capable of supporting at least 150 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Scaffolds with height to base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means. Training shall include [. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Employee is Pulled off Scaffold, Suffers Injuries. Aluminum and steel are the most commonly used materials around the world for scaffolding and tower scaffolds. Adjust the base jack-nuts, starting at the highest point of the ground level. Scaffolding shall be designed by a qualified and competent . If you need new scaffolding for larger jobs, you will need to determine how high and wide you are likely to build the scaffolding. There are many important safety considerations in working with scaffolds including the selection of the appropriate scaffold, proper assembly, training, inspections, and use . We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Only two workers may be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time. (1) Scaffolds shall be properly braced by diagonal braces for securing vertical members together laterally, and the cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. Insufficient length. 3. Make sure the scaffold is stable. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . To check a scaffold for being plumb, use a level on two opposite uprights. Always use . To ensure the scaffold is "square", use a tape measure and measure the distance between opposite corners. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood . Make sure that a competent person inspects the scaffold before each work shift. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. The scaffold design must include: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. The entire platform is attached to the fork. To counteract this, the scaffold must be braced or tied off to a stable structure such as a structural steel. Plumb and level scaffold. Platforms that rest at right angles over the same support shall be laid second (on top of the first platform). Scaffolding. In certain industries such as oil refinery, aviation, gas and chemical manufacture it is necessary to use glass fiber structures as these will not spark or corrode in situations where gasoline, solvents, electricity and so forth are present. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. Safety is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the scaffold tower industry. To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. Guys, ties, and braces must be installed at locations where horizontal scaffold components support both inner and outer legs. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall when the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures. Training shall include [. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacity of the scaffold. Standards are vertical pipes that are connected with clamps or couplers to give the structure its height; ledgers are horizontal braces that steady the structure and give it width. Also they can be mobile or stationary. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. Because the number of injuries from . Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Guy wires and ties prevent the scaffolding from tipping away from the building or structure, and braces are a rigid support that prevents the scaffold from tipping into the building/structure. In some cases, you may choose a new scaffolding tower rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. The victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. Personal Fall Arrest System. Reaching 5 foot high all the way up to 30 feet tall. Scaffold Frame keeps only high grade steel scaffolding in inventory, but aluminum scaffold is available on request. The scaffold was not secured to wooden footing supports, nor was it tied to the building. [, Be positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level, [, Have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet, [, Have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches [, Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Faults: Damaged. [, Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, and toprails serving as handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. Has vertical supports resting on a firm foundation or sills. They may, however, be treated periodically with clear preservatives, fire-retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes. 3. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Before beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold as necessary. Workers building scaffolds risk serious injury from falls and tip-overs, being struck by falling tools and other hazards and electrocution from energized power lines. Once erected, provide toeboards on all railed sides to prevent falling object hazards. 5. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. 5. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. Step 2. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. | QUESTIONS? The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. (. [, Wooden planking must not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be marked for identification. A checklist of items a competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety. Some people would like their own customized scaffold towers. 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