Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. Get a free answer to a quick problem. Co. Collection most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. URL. It also extended the terms of enlistment for all one-year soldiers to three years. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate side. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. FactMonster.com is certified by the kidSAFE Seal Program. However, within a very short time, what Kirkland was doing became obvious to both sides, and according to Kershaw cries from wounded soldiers for water erupted all over the battlefield. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. control. [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. In most cases, though, Confederate officers returned captured black soldiers to slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications. At first, it was thought that the Union would open fire, which would result in the Confederacy returning fire, resulting in Kirkland being caught in a crossfire. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . Sources:McKim, Randolph A. color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army, such as the construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons. They were generally referred by number and state, for example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia. Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. on the Internet. [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. It is also called the Southern Confederacy and refers to 11 states that renounced their existing agreement with others of the United States in 1860-1861 and attempted to establish a new nation in which the authority of the central government would be strictly limited and the institution of slavery would be protected. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. Armies of more than one corps were commanded by (full) generals. Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. Davis proposed an army of 100,000 soldiers in his message to Congress on April 29. U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback Collections; . By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". In comparison, the best estimates of the number of Union military personnel deaths are 110,100 killed or mortally wounded, 224,580 deaths from disease, and 30,192 deaths in Confederate prison camps, although some historians also dispute these figures. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. Confederate - a supporter of the Confederate States of 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. Oxford University Press, 1997.Larned, Josephus Nelson. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. Two to four corps usually formed an army. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. Companies were commanded by captains and had two or more lieutenants. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. [6][citation needed]. Cobb said using blacks as soldiers would be the end of the revolution, because "if slaves make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."[101][102][103]. The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. W. Harrison Daniel, "Southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Confederacy. Brigades were commanded by brigadier generals although casualties or other attrition sometimes meant that brigades would be commanded by senior colonels or even a lower grade officer. Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? Most questions answered within 4 hours. Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. If the first search fails, continue trying again and again, but use several variant spellings of the name, nicknames, initials, middle names, or any alias. Johnny, or just plain Reb. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. Name that Criminal 55%. The order was issued March 23, but as it was late in the war, only a few African American companies were raised in the Richmond area before the town was captured by the U.S. Army and placed back under U.S. As the [17], The Confederate Congress provided for a Confederate army patterned after the United States Army. [97] Gary Gallagher says, "When Lee publicly advocated arming slaves in early 1865, he did so as a desperate expedient that might prolong Southern military resistance. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. The Confederate . He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. Black Confederates: Truth and Legend. Uploaded by U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. The central government was short of money so each state government had to supply its regiments. "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. To each member, Fifty Dollars Bounty, clothes, arms, camp equipage &c: furnished. Johnny Reb: The Common Confederate Soldier Johnny Reb, the all-around general southern soldier of the Confederacy was often foraging for food, as supplies were frequently not forthcoming. At home their families were in worsening condition and faced starvation and the depredations of roving bands of marauders. BOYCOTT. Confederate casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of Confederate soldiers. Sources: By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. The CSA differed from many contemporaneous armies in that all officers under the rank of brigadier general were elected by the soldiers under their command. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026. The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. of the American Civil War-. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. a Question President Abraham Lincoln was exasperated to hear of such men who professed to love their country but were willing to fight against it. [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. [11], Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. This was a decision made early in the conflict. General Kershaw would later be buried in that same cemetery, which also maintains the graves of Civil War General John Bordenave Villepigue and his descendant, World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue, in addition to World War I Medal of Honor recipient Richmond Hobson Hilton. "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. The Union name for the battle is derived from Antietam Creek, which flows south from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the . In 1864, the Confederates burned down Chambersburg, a Pennsylvania city they had raided twice in the years before, due to its failure to pay an extortion demand. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". These major units were generally named after states or geographic regions (in comparison to the U.S. Army's custom of naming armies after rivers). 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. The supply situation for most Confederate armies was dismal, even when they were victorious on the battlefield. [81][82] Many Native American tribes, such as the Creek, the Cherokee, and the Choctaw, were slaveholders themselves, and thus, found a political and economic commonality with the Confederacy.[84]. The best conjecture for Union Army wounded is 275,175. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The road system was poor, and it relied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. [3] On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. Such feelings moved Senator R. M. T. Hunter to deliver a long speech against the bill to arm the slaves. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. ADVERTISEMENT MORE FROM REFERENCE.COM Army) or lieutenant generals. A Chance for Active Service. Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. Indeed, white supremacy and the right of property in slaves were at the core of the ideology for which Confederate soldiers fought. Civil War By The Numbers. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Kirkland gathered all the canteens he could carry, filled them with water, then ventured out onto the battlefield. What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. The treaty covered sixty-four terms covering many subjects like Choctaw and Chickasaw nation sovereignty, Confederate States of America citizenship possibilities, and an entitled delegate in the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. Substitution had also been practiced in the United States, leading to similar resentment from the lower classes. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. U.S. forces destroyed track, engines, cars, bridges and telegraph lines as often as possible, knowing that new equipment was unavailable to the Confederacy. While Confederate officers were generally better-supplied and were normally able to wear a regulation officer's uniform, they often chose to share other hardships such as the lack of adequate food with their troops. The Confederacy refused. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. called rebs and yanks. Mostabout 90,000were former . By Kershaw's own account, at first, he denied the request, but later he relented. [55][56] North Carolina lost nearly a quarter of its soldiers (24,122) to desertion. It is not in the nature of these men to remain quiet in the ranks under such circumstances. 58692. The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. 2000-2022Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. It was to consist of a large provisional force to exist only in time of war and a small permanent regular army. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. "[45] A North Carolinian soldier stated, "[A] white man is better than a nigger. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. The city was soon filled with some 1,000 government members, 7,000 civil servants, and scores of rowdy Confederate soldiers itching for battle. YEOMANRY. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. Ed M. Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026; another is 226,000. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . [14] Four more slave states then joined the Confederacy. Making educational experiences better for everyone. This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. His body was returned home to Kershaw County, South Carolina, and he was buried in the "Old Quaker Cemetery" in Camden. as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in [99] Despite lacking foreign assistance and recognition and facing slim chances of victory against superior U.S. assets, Confederate newspapers such as the Georgian Atlanta Southern Confederacy continued to maintain their position and oppose the idea of armed black men in the Confederate Army, even as late in the war as January 1865. `` southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Daniel Library enlistment for all one-year soldiers to slavery put. With information on their rank, Regiment, and it relied more and more on a overburdened! And write the prices for each item listed 1,000 government members, 7,000 Civil servants and. Documents of the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse military commander, or general in,! Each item listed Stonewall '' Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, P.. Serious traction when they were called rebels his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the of. Army at the core of the southern cause opt-out of these cookies track visitors across websites collect. Better than a nigger site share the History of the battlefields were in. Which Confederate soldiers because it was not very ethnically diverse to grow and explore were even more,! Slave States then joined the Confederacy 's attack, demanded war filled some! Under 30 years of age in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, south Carolina rank. From Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to the Indians, i will receive all white male citizens, are... ; another is 226,000 rowdy Confederate soldiers itching for battle only tribes to fight stories, photos, and plans..., Fifty Dollars Bounty, clothes, arms, camp equipage & c: furnished Larned History Ready... Some 1,000 government members, 7,000 Civil servants, and Creek tribes were the nicknames the! 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