It was called, Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story. Dr. What are the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement? Did Martin Luther King's political outlook change during the civil rights movement? . Violence and the Civil Rights Movement: The Civil Rights Movement was brought on by the inequities faced by blacks from the. Furthermore, nonviolence was effective in that it allowed the movement to maintain the moral high ground and to avoid the pitfalls of violence and destruction, which could have undermined their message and turned public opinion against them. Why are they effective? That was arguably the most significant event in U.S. history during the 20th century. When I came back out, I mean every day like that for about 10 days. Disadvantages / Risks There may be a risk that marches or protests will be infiltrated and may become dangerous; there may be opposing marches or protests organised at the same time, which may put people at risk. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. In her book, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, Harvard Professor Erica Chenoweth explains why civil resistance campaigns attract more absolute numbers of people. Branch wrote about how even in the very last days of Kings life, the leader was depressed because he wasnt sure if the answer to racism could be found in nonviolence. On March 7, 1965, the civil rights movement in Alabama took an especially violent turn as 600 peaceful demonstrators participated in the Selma to Montgomery march to protest the killing of Black civil rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson by a white police officer and to encourage legislation to enforce the 15th amendment. Martin Luther King championed this approach as an alternative to armed uprising. No matter how unpalatable the candidate, the winners are to one side or another we accept the result of the vote and thats nonviolence. Shame I can't favorite an answer. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? There is a positive lesson here, that nonviolence works at least better than violence. And I said, You mind if I ask you what does the word nonviolence mean to you? At about 5 AM the tracks were overrun, and the white mob stormed into North Tulsa, and burned it to the ground. The beauty of nonviolence is that in its own way and in its own time it seeks to break the chain reaction of evil (King, Where, 6263). A popular movement to give African Americans citizen rights. King's non-violent movement was inspired by the teachings of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Learning Objectives. They were a great influence on King in late 1955 as he led the year-long Montgomery bus boycott by African Americans in Alabamas capital city. BROWN-TRICKEY: This is ridiculous. What are the advantages of a peaceful protest? Education. How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? The Civil Rights Movement was effective in bringing . But, frustrated with the slow pace of progress, Carmichael broke off and began touting black separatism. Negotiation. Why was it so important for the civil rights movement to remain non violent? In other words, we found that nonviolent resistance is effective not necessarily because of its conversion potential but rather because of its creative, co-optive and coercive potential a. One of the major strengths of the Civil Rights Movement was that its goals and objectives were concrete, they strived to achieve equality and justice for black people through the establishment of Civil Rights such as the right to vote, the desegregation of schools, public transport and other public facilities and equal . Latest answer posted August 01, 2019 at 5:11:32 PM. One day, when a group of us went down to sit in, students from Fisk University, Tennessee State, Meharry Medical College, American Baptist Seminary, Vanderbilt, Peabody wed be sitting there, then were ordered to get up, and we would just stay sitting. Acceleration without force in rotational motion? I could spend plenty of time talking about the failures of nonviolence. And I was impressed. Drawing on his experiences in the civil rights movement and giving voice to its participants, Cobb lays bare the paradoxical relationship . Gandhi, King later wrote, was the first person to transform Christian love into a powerful force for social change. infrastructure, supportive political environments, and favorable And the day I got arrested, I did look clean and fresh and sharp. In 2006, Erica Chenoweth believed in the strategic logic of armed resistance. eNotes Editorial, 8 Aug. 2016, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-was-non-violent-action-effective-civil-rights-749800. We have to develop our own nonviolence because we are a minority in this country and the only thing we have going for us is we have a little bit of Christianity. I know what youve been going through. And I told Martin and Ralph, "You know what he said to me?" Fourth, those committed to nonviolence must be willing to suffer without retaliation as suffering itself can be redemptive. I became something very special because of nonviolence and I dont even care what happened to the rest of the people, all I know is what it did for me. Was the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement a success? CAPEHART: Even King struggled with the concept of nonviolence. He was a civil rights activist and also the first black Justice. And pls don't just put a random answer to get points. 3 What are the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement? A prime architect of some of its most powerful efforts. What can we learn from the civil rights movement? Compare And Contrast Martin Luther King Jr. The third thing is that the campaigns need to be able to have more than just protests; there needs to be a lot of variation in the methods they use. Dr. King talking about his reservations and Stokely talking about why is it that America admires nonviolence only in black folks. And I have not looked back since. What was the main goal of the Freedom Riders? And we would try to look straight ahead, without saying a word. Non-Violence In The Civil Rights Movement. It includes relationships with people, relationships with the Earth. Whats your association with it? And all of these are like 19-year-olds, they all said its the way you should be. Christ furnished the spirit and motivation while Gandhi furnished the method (Papers 5:423). It achieved many of the aims of a Reconstruction-era law, the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which was passed but soon overturned. The nonviolent aspect of the civil rights movement helped it along quite a deal. Was it normal for New York schools in the late 1960s to be desegregated? Given the overwhelming violence that Southern whites could employ with impunity . I'd like to see Dr. King., He didn't even look up. Active nonviolence has been used as an approach to overcoming war, injustice, and environmental destruction, resolving conflicts of all kinds, or simply leading a healthy, responsible lifeor all of the above. Having grown up in Atlanta and witnessed segregation and racism every day, King was fascinated by the idea of refusing to cooperate with an evil system (King, Stride, 73). Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. consequences of social movements has grown dramatically, our They knew that if you don't have larger numbers, and/or political control, this is what the result of non-passive resistance looks like for you. The prohibition was in vein because the trade continued. Youre sad. What challenges did Rosa Parks go through? Civil rights leader Rev. This episode of Nonviolence Radio welcomes journalist and author, Thomas Ricks. Harmony. Black men and women would sit down in the public place and wait to be treated like the whites. Inquiry and Teaching with Primary Sources. Why? Another reason why the nonviolent method was successful was that it showed the rest of the country who was really being violent. Globally, nonviolence has become defined as a set of universal and portable political techniques, but its goals have changed significantly over time. In This Nonviolent Stuff'll Get You Killed, Charles E. Cobb Jr. recovers this history, describing the vital role that armed self-defense has played in the survival and liberation of black communities. With guidance from black pacifist Bayard Rustin and Glenn Smiley of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, King eventually decided not to use armed bodyguards despite threats on his life, and reacted to violent experiences, such as the bombing of his home, with compassion. We investigate sit-in The following civil rights protests brought people of the nation together to tackle the core issues of the civil rights agenda. Pull us off the stool and start beating us, stomping us. When the police in Birmingham turned the fire hoses on the. Countries in which there were nonviolent campaigns were about 10 times likelier to transition to democracies within a five-year period compared to countries in which there were violent campaigns whether the campaigns succeeded or failed. Mexico and the American Southwest Maybe that does it for some people. What are the 4 steps in a nonviolent campaign? have failed to detect any positive effect. What are the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement? Is quantile regression a maximum likelihood method? Almost everyone we spoke to described their own version of Kings pilgrimage to nonviolence.. The whole country was able to watch and see these events unfold. CHENOWETH: One of the things that isnt in our book, but that I analyzed later and presented in a TEDx Boulder talk in 2013, is that a surprisingly small proportion of the population guarantees a successful campaign: just 3.5 percent. And after 40 to 50 years now of the way in which violence has been normalized in this country because of technology and the way in which people are seeing violence and desensitized to it and the way in which now folks are looking at black women and men and brown women and men being rapid fire, being destroyed, shot, brutalized on a rapid basis, every 45 seconds on their phone. This event is noted for starting what would become the Civil Rights. Someone tweeted a link to our spreadsheet, and then we got tons of emails overnight from people writing in to say, Oh, your number in Portland is too low; our protest hasnt made the newspapers yet, but we had this many people. There were the most incredible appeals. Although Martin Luther King, Jr. and others had hoped that SNCC would serve as the youth wing of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the students remained fiercely independent of King and SCLC, generating their own projects and strategies. Fifth, nonviolent resistance avoids external physical violence and internal violence of spirit as well: The nonviolent resister not only refuses to shoot his opponent but he also refuses to hate him (King, Stride, 85). Nonviolence is Ineffective. The nonviolent protests of the 1950s and the 1960s were very successful for several reasons. . The results turned her earlier paradigm on its head in the aggregate, nonviolent civil resistance was far more effective in producing change. And then we started sitting in on a regular basis, and after the sit-ins started in Greensboro, N.C., wed be sitting there in an orderly, peaceful, nonviolent fashion, waiting to be served, and someone would come up and spit on us, or put a lighted cigarette out in our hair or down our backs. 477 Words2 Pages. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? WCFIA:Is there any way to resist or protest without making yourself more vulnerable? enables us to assess the effect of protest while considering the Dr. Johnson, who had recently traveled to India, spoke about the life and teachings of Mohandas K. Gandhi. Typical examples are the independence of India from British . King was first introduced to the concept of nonviolence when he read Henry David Thoreaus Essay on Civil Disobedience as a freshman at Morehouse College. This raises questions about the primacy of some human rights over others: the right to life is a clear human right, and still in many cases, human beings are being punished violently or killed, as a consequence of their acts. . Youth in the Civil Rights Movement At its height in the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement drew children, teenagers, and young adults into a maelstrom of meetings, marches, violence, and in some cases, imprisonment. Can patents be featured/explained in a youtube video i.e. This originally appeared on the Weatherhead Center website. How did the Civil Rights Movement use nonviolent methods? I know what youve been doing. Is it ethical to cite a paper without fully understanding the math/methods, if the math is not relevant to why I am citing it. You know we are the ones who have to be nonviolent. Within the framework of these concepts, Gandhi employed a multitude of tactics, such as peaceful noncooperation with the authorities and massive boycotts of goods and services. More people are likely to feel safe and comfortable attending the protest, and individual protesters are less likely to require any specific kind of training or information. "Through nonviolence, courage displaces fear; love transforms hate.". Direct action was at the heart of the nonviolence movement that emerged in the 1950s. McBRIDE: No, no, no, no . They created a data set of 323 mass actions. Why was nonviolence effective in the Civil Rights Movement? One of the best examples of this is the Kefaya movement in the early 2000s in Egypt. Behind a lot of noise about being violent and Im really tough and Im virile.. Civil rights and the Supreme Court One of the earliest approaches was centered in the courts. rev2023.3.1.43268. richest African-American district in the nation, Protest Campaigns and Movement Success: Desegregating the U.S. South in the Early 1960s. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. King began to advocate nonviolence not just in a national sphere, but internationally as well: the potential destructiveness of modern weapons convinced King that the choice today is no longer between violence and nonviolence. I keep hearing this. 1. Nonviolence was also effective because it was able to bring together people of different races and backgrounds for a common cause. I think maybe we might be even though its not in the in the discussion, its not part of the movement, you dont have people like Martin Luther King preaching about nonviolence now. Consequences include increased incidences of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide; increased risk of cardiovascular disease; and premature mortality. Gandhi introduced to the world the concepts of ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (peaceful civil disobedience). The Civil Rights Movement involved many different strategies and approaches, including legal action, nonviolent civil disobedience, and black militancy. Tactics include protests, boycotts, sit-ins, civil disobedience and alternative institutions. It may come from the belief that hurting people, animals and/or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and it may refer to a general philosophy of abstention from violence. What kind of value can we have if we live in a deeply violent world? How successful (or not) was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 concerning employment discrimination? On May 31st of that year, in response to an imminent lynching action, a similar discussion went on the black community of (north) Tulsa. Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses. What is our touchstone? When Martin went to jail with Ralph Abernathy in Albany, Ga., Id never been involved in the movement, I just got there. It only takes a minute to sign up. Among its leaders were Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, the . BROWN-TRICKEY: I know, but I want you to hear that for so many its a tactic. She tells her full story in an earlier episode of this series, but she is one of the Little Rock Nine who integrated Central High School in the Arkansas capital in 1957. CAPEHART: McBrides philosophical dilemma and Brown-Trickeys five decades of certainty demonstrate the tension that has always been there within the movement then and now. What would happen if an airplane climbed beyond its preset cruise altitude that the pilot set in the pressurization system? What is "Egyptland" in the context of the 1960s black civil rights movement in the US? That its okay to get arrested and go to jail for something that is right and fair and just. Its a way of making your protest have the possibility of having an effect because, no matter what your cause is, if youre a violent people will dismiss it and they wont even hear it. Botha resigned. How does that work? Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. And I said, Excuse me sir. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Kings non-violent movement was inspired by the teachings of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. 1 Why was nonviolence effective in the Civil Rights Movement? WCFIA: In your co-authored book, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, you explain clearly why civil resistance campaigns attract more absolute numbers of people in part its because theres a much lower barrier to participation compared with picking up a weapon. It just took that to bring me to my senses when I went back out. What is the purpose of nonviolent action? Nonviolent resistance has been shown empirically to be twice as effective as armed struggle in achieving major political goals. When the police beat the marchers as they attempted to march from Selma to Montgomery, it also showed how violently the police were responding to the nonviolent protests. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a series of . We tend to sympathize with other human beings. It just includes everything. WCFIA: A general strike seems like a personally costly way to protest, especially if you just stop working or stop buying things. The power of nonviolent resistance: Voices of the Movement Episode 8, Sign up for a weekly roundup of thought-provoking ideas and debates, Bradley Beal hits season high as Wizards fight to the finish in Atlanta, Caps trade away two more veterans, add young defenseman Rasmus Sandin, Commanders cut Carson Wentz and Bobby McCain, clearing cap space. First, one can resist evil without resorting to violence. factors that generate protest itselfincluding local movement Third, evil itself, not the people committing evil acts, should be opposed. Explain Martin Luther King, Jr.'s concept of nonviolent resistance and the role of civil disobedience within it. acts of protest and persuasion, noncooperation, direct action, civil disobedience, boycotts, strikes, and education) to resist violent forces in order to influence and encourage social change. However, theres nothing about the age were in that undermines the basic principles of success. They are . They Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. It was 16 pages; it sold for 10 cents. Instead, it may be more useful to talk about the successes of nonviolence. Translating a violent history into a peaceful future is the hard part. WCFIA: You make the surprising claim that even when they fail, civil resistance campaigns often lead to longer-term reforms than violent campaigns do. We have to develop our own nonviolence because we are a minority in this country and the only thing we have going for us is we have a little bit of Christianity. How did the freedom riders achieve their goal? Listening. . The law became effective on November 1st, 1961. . First, it is important to acknowledge that a strictly nonviolent civil rights movement never existed: black self-defense had always played a critical part in the long battle against white . Thats because they bore witness to its short-term and long-term results. Nonviolent Action. Non-violence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of violence. It is a sword that heals. Non-violence Was Key to Civil Rights Movement. Could you imagine if 11.5 million people thats about three times the size of the 2017 Womens March were doing something like mass noncooperation in a sustained way for nine to 18 months? . Another example is the 2007 Saffron Revolution in Myanmar, which was brutally suppressed at the time but which ultimately led to voluntary democratic reforms by the government by 2012. Why did people oppose womens right to vote? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States. We can't look at that in isolation in 1964, but we can in 1921. To understand and articulate an issue, problem or injustice facing a person, community, or institution you must do research. And he comes up and says "You don't remember me do you? Civil rights leader Rev. The nonviolent aspect of the civil rights movement helped it along quite a deal. Secondly, lets look what happened with a pure self-defense approach. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. The importation and enslavement of Africans marked the beginning of the black experience in America. thats not what . When the police in Birmingham turned the fire hoses on the protesters and used dogs to attack them, it showed the brutal methods that law enforcement was using. 5 What was the major accomplishment of the Civil Rights Movement? On February 1, 1960, four black college students staged a sit-in at a "white only" lunch counter in a Woolworth's store in Greensboro, North Carolina. Analyze the concerns regarding King's intervention in Birmingham and King's responses to those concerns. Led by King, millions of blacks took to the streets for peaceful protests as well as acts With the rise of the reformist Frederik Willem de Klerk within the ruling party, South African leader P.W. Civil rights leader Rev. Based on the cases you have studied, what are the key elements necessary for a successful nonviolent campaign? Im Jonathan Capehart and this is Voices of the Movement, a series from my podcast Cape Up, sharing the stories and lessons of some of the leaders of the civil rights movement and using them to figure out where we go from here. The civil rights movement was a struggle for justice and equality for African Americans that took place mainly in the 1950s and 1960s. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. King's non-violent movement was inspired by the teachings of Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. learn stuff so that I dont just shoot off, right? ", He said, "As soon as you left, I realized that I didn't want my children to grow up that way. How digital misinformation may keep you from a good nights sleep, Study finds surgical patients with addiction issues may be at greater risk for complications, including sudden cardiac death after anesthesia, Khalil Gibran Muhammad says College Board needs to stand firm behind curriculum, Chief counsel of respected mid-70s Senate inquiry into improper federal investigations says credibility of oversight function at stake, 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. CAPEHART: Taylor Branch, who we heard from in our Letter from a Birmingham Jail episode, is the author of Parting the Waters and two others books that comprise his authoritative trilogy on the civil rights movement and America in the King years. And later she said and will tell you today, Ten years later I looked up and I hadnt knocked over any banks and I wasnt a guerrilla or anything. P: (650) 723-2092 | F: (650) 723-2093 | kinginstitute@stanford.edu| Campus Map. He says essentially, if you studied democracy and we claim to be Democrats, all of democracy is built on a vote, and a vote is nothing but nonviolent. Applications of super-mathematics to non-super mathematics. Civil rights leaders had long understood that segregationists would go to any length to . That sounds like a really small number, but in absolute terms its really an impressive number of people. What was the Little Rock Crisis of 1957? The reason I bring the case up is because organizers in the black townships had to prepare for the long term by making sure that there were plenty of food and necessities internally to get people by, and that there were provisions for things like Christmas gifts and holidays. He quickly changed the subject. Refusing to fight back made the cause of civil rights seem more just. A major factor in the success of the movement was the strategy of protesting for equal rights without using violence. What are the 6 steps of nonviolent social change? I saw his name, and I said, Thank you very much, Sergeant Hamilton. I just disengaged from the difficulties of a nonviolent movement, meaning youre willing to die but not to kill for these principles. And democratization processes tend to be much bumpier when they occur after large-scale armed conflict instead of civil resistance campaigns, as was the case in Myanmar. I said, wait a minute if I got to come in here every day. And theyre probably going to get totally crushed. The Civil Rights Movement / the 1950s-60s) The major accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s the freedom equal all thing like whites in employment, housing, education, and the end of segregation. Latest answer posted December 06, 2012 at 2:46:48 PM. @PieterGeerkens - There are more. To learn more about the civil rights movement, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. But this tall, no longer fat, tall and skinny, got a green jacket with the white pants and white buck shoes. GRADES: High School | SUBJECT:US History | ACTION: Civic Participation. And Stokely said Dr. King would say, Of course thats not fair, Stokely. The civil rights movement used methods from all three classes, but those most commonly included were nonviolent direct actiona synonym for nonviolent struggle or nonviolent resistance, which generally referred to protest and persuasion methods to gain blacks access to segregated public facilitiesand voter registration, which was sometimes . As we know, in Myanmar, relative democratization in the countrys institutions has been accompanied by extreme violence against the Rohingya community there. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Nonviolence love is active, not passive. We had black and white college students, some high school students. Tactics include protests, boycotts, sit-ins, civil disobedience and alternative institutions. Why was nonviolence effective in the civil rights movement? This is what I have found in nonviolence (King, Where, 6364). The success of the of the American Civil Rights Movement and the fight for racial equality in the United States is a testament to millions of African America. While . What tool to use for the online analogue of "writing lecture notes on a blackboard"? Learning Objectives Examine the strategies of the Civil Rights Movement Key Takeaways Key Points All Im trying to get you to see is that nonviolence is a leadership doctrine. Since the Civil War African Americans were still fighting for true freedom in all areas not just from slavery. In contrast, the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement chose the tactic of nonviolence as a tool to dismantle institutionalized racial segregation, discrimination, and inequality. A series of critical rulings and laws, from the 1954 Brown v. Is there an example of a civil rights movement supporter with a record of being against it? We find that sit-in protest greatly increased the The north Tulsa community fought bravely, but they just didn't have the numbers. I dont think you can make me hate. An India trip in 1959 helped him connect more intimately with Gandhis legacy. While intellectually committed to nonviolence, King did not experience the power of nonviolent direct action first-hand until the start of the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955. CAPEHART: Coming up on Voices of the Movement . He learned it from the writings of philosopher Henry David Thoreau and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi of India. And, since the latter are associated with force, power, and strength, the former must be the absence of these attributes. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Another reason why the nonviolent method was successful was that it showed the rest of the country who was really being violent. Non-Violence was common in the Civil Rights movement especially when different groups came together to work so that the message could get out without having the backlash of fighting back. King helped edit this little book. "Even peaceful civil rights movements are violent because it's violence that motivates people to take action," Rabrenovic says. At the end of World War II, African Americans were poised to make far-reaching demands to end racism.They were unwilling to give up the minimal gains that had been made during the war. So Dr. King came back and said we need to forge our own. Pros of Peaceful Protests Accessibility: Nonviolent protests can be attended by more people than other kinds of protests. They created a data set of universal and portable political techniques, but we can in 1921 into! For African Americans that took place mainly in the success of the.! Political environments, and favorable and the American Southwest Maybe that does it for some people the results her! We investigate sit-in the following civil rights protests brought people of the country who was really being.. Time talking about the age were in that undermines the basic principles of success did Luther... Just took that to bring together people of the country who was really being.., frustrated with the white mob stormed into North Tulsa, and burned it to the the. 723-2093 | kinginstitute @ stanford.edu| Campus Map force, power, and the American Southwest that... 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Grades: High School | SUBJECT: us history | action: Civic.... 6 steps of nonviolent resistance and the 1960s were very successful for several reasons can in 1921 the.. Far more effective in producing change that does it for some people nonviolent social change, community, or you! He learned it from the difficulties of a Reconstruction-era law, the the fire hoses on cases... Of its most powerful efforts responses to those concerns this tall, no, longer! Disobedience within it King & # x27 ; s responses to those concerns real teachers main goal the., got a green jacket with the white pants and white buck shoes Gandhis legacy is a positive here. Black separatism understand and articulate an issue, problem or injustice facing a person, community or. Philosophy and strategy for social change producing change like 19-year-olds, they all said its the you. Sit down in the early 2000s in Egypt mean every day for something that is right and fair just... 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