Causes and Effects of the Latin American Revolutions. The desire for independence was fueled by dissatisfaction among elites born in the colonies with the political control of Spanish-born officials. While Spain was racially "pure" in the sense that the Moors, Jews, Romani people, and other ethnic groups had been kicked out centuries before, the New World populations were a diverse mixture of Europeans, Indigenous people (some of whom were enslaved), and enslaved Black people. In 1811, most of Venezuela and the city of Cartagena took the more radical step of declaring full independence and creating independent states. He also stated that people have the right to revolt if the government violated natural rights. He at first reasserted himself as an absolute monarch. Even after the defeat of Napoleon, the king had stayed in Brazil. Bolivar joins the independence movement. Simn Bolvar, who had emerged as an important military leader, fled to exile in Jamaica and Haiti. A person's status in society could be determined by how many 64ths of Spanish heritage one had. Though most historians agree that the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution, which lasted from 1789-1799, some scholars debate the significance and extent of its impact. The creoles were considered to be privileged and were not treated equally with the other classes in society. In places like Argentina, colonies "sort of" declared independence, claiming they would only rule themselves until such time as Charles IV or his son Ferdinand was put back on the Spanish throne. In Haiti, Jacques Dessalines, who declared the country independent, faced internal opposition to his rule. Iturbide was a royalist general. The chaos in Spain provided a perfect excuse to rebel without committing treason. Fig 6 - Painting depicting a battle of the Haitian Revolution. While most of the newly independent nation states of Central and South America adopted constitutions and forms of representative government as well as adopted reforms for racial equality, the independence wars also highlighted challenges that continued long afterwards. The people who benefitted the most from the rule of caudillos were the caudillos themselves and those who supported them. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. For other revolutions and rebellions in Latin America, see List of revolutions and rebellions. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Definition and List of Countries, The Federal Republic of Central America (1823-1840), The "Cry of Dolores" and Mexican Independence, Major Battles of Mexico's Independence From Spain. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Jai perdu ma earte d'embarquement! In which John Green talks about the many revolutions of Latin America in the 19th century. In all of these places, independence was achieved by 1826. Upon the declaration of independence, the new government headed by Dom Pedro only had control in the areas around Rio de Janiero and So Paulo. However, the French Revolution had another indirect, but critical impact on the course of independence in Latin America. There were 4 major causes of the Latin American Revolution. On one hand, the French Revolution, and the American Revolution before it, ended monarchies and established representative governments that placed sovereignty in the hands of the people, following the ideas of the Enlightenment. -Almost all colonial rule in Latin America ended. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. When Great Britain attacked Buenos Aires in 18061807, Spain could not defend the city and a local militia had to suffice. By the end of the eighteenth century, the visiting Prussian scientist Alexander Von Humboldt (17691859) noted that the locals preferred to be called Americans rather than Spaniards. John Locke brought up Life, Liberty, and Property. What are the causes and effects of revolutions? Pierre n'a mange \rule{1cm}{1pt} un sandwich au dejeuner. In most cases these newly formed countries were characterized by strong democratic traditions and free market economies. Val Arrais/. However, the effects of the Revolutionary War go far beyond simply removing British control of the Thirteen Colonies: the War and related documents and decisions would have worldwide impacts. Iturbide ultimately was forced to abdicate and was later executed after attempting to return to power. The causes of the Latin American revolutions included the inspiration from the French and American revolution Napoleons conquest of Spain triggered revolts injustices and repression (committed by royal officials) Political and military jobs controlled by Peninsulares Peninsulares and Creoles controlled wealth. Mexico's first revolt . This includes revolutions that will lead to the United States Haiti Mexico Venezuela Columbia Panama Bolivia Peru Equador Paraguay Uruguay Brazil and Argentina. In this Latin American Revolution summary, we will look in depth at the Spanish colonies of Central and South America, as well as touch on the Portuguese colony of Brazil and the French colony of Haiti. Christopher Minster, Ph.D., is a professor at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. Who were important people in the Latin American revolution? The people were not able to have a voice and make their own decisions. Experiments in self-government during the French occupation of Spain by Napoleon prompted moves for full independence. Latin America experienced revolts from Mexico to Argentina. The caudillos were typically not that interested in ruling for the benefit of all. Learn about the Creoles and the Latin American Revolutions' causes, their events, the most important Latin American Revolutionary leaders, and the Latin American Revolutions' effects here. Dessalines was a follower of Louverture. 1807 - 1825. The upper classes supported dictatorship since it kept lower classes out of power. One of the more major causes of the American Revolution, the Intolerable Acts were . All of these revolutions were caused by political instability, had the common goal of political reformation that was met through revolutionary events, that resulted in the formation and adoption of a new constitution and form of government. In a daring move, Bolvar marched his army across the flooded llanos, the plains of southern Venezuela and Colombia during the rainy season, then climbed into the Andes to surprise the Spanish forces at the Battle of Boyac close to Bogot in August 1919. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. These events were: Spain setting up colonies in the Americas. . How did the American Revolution impact the revolutions in Latin America quizlet? After the expulsion of Napoleon, the Spanish attempted to regain but failed to regain control in the colonies. Which best describes why creoles resented the colonial political structure? You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Only God can remove them. The first war was fought between the states of Greece and Persia and the first revolution was the French Revolution. They fought against a powerful European empire and eventually won their freedom. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the . Continued division between factions favoring centralist and federalist systems of government eventually led to the break-up of Gran Colombia in 1830 into the three separate states of Ecuador, New Granada (later renamed Colombia), and Venezuela. The American Revolution was the rebellion of thirteen British colonies in North America against British rule. The Boston Port Act, closing the port of Boston until the Dutch East India Company had been repaid for the destroyed tea; Tensions between more liberal and more conservative political factions continued for much of the next century, culminating in the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Sign up to highlight and take notes. The main important causes for revolution are governmental and political corruption and colonization. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecaudor, and Panama. But just who were the Creoles? Hispaniola announces freedon. In 1822, he declared himself emperor of an independent Empire of Brazil and led forces that fought the Portuguese military for full independence. United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, which included most of modern-day Argentina and Uruguay. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Made by the author Adam McConnaughhay, a StudySmarter original. Before, kings were placed on a throne by God. Here is how the story went: . However in the long term poor governance of the liberated countries led to instability and increasing poverty in those areas. Bolvar played a minor role in the first declaration of independent government in Caracas in 1811. Latin America embraces a number of different realities within a common course. This led to resentment among the lower classes who demanded change. How did the American Revolution cause the Latin American Revolution to happen? Which of the following best describes an ongoing challenge much of Latin America faced after independence? , King George IIIs Speech to Parliament (1775). . It also prompted the declaration of the Republic of Colombia (commonly referred to today as Gran Colombia) as a union of the modern-day countries of Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela. See key events in the Latin American Revolution timeline below. Now, fill in each sentence below with words from the chart. A junta was declared in Buenos Aires in 1810, in what is called the May Revolution. In addition to Cuba, the Spanish-American War also netted the US Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Toussaint Louverture, the leader of the revolutionary army, realigned himself with France when the French National Assembly abolished slavery and allowed him to govern Haiti. -plantation system was kept in many places. He led an army that conquered some areas of south and central Mexico but failed to take Mexico City before he was captured and executed. The term Latin America was a part of its attempt to create a French empire in the Americas. Latin American Revolutions. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the -ar verbs in the imperfect tense. Under Spanish rule, the highest government positions were reserved almost exclusively for peninsulares. Why did the Creoles lead the Latin American revolution? Answer (1 of 6): The formalized drive by the South American and Central American states to win independence from their Spanish and Portuguese overlords began in 1806 with the failed attempt by Francisco de Miranda to forge an independent Venezuela. What modern-day countries were part of the colony of New Granada? The short-term causes of the Latin American Revolution were the increasing power of the landowners the increasing power of the Catholic Church and the increasing power of the United States. The causes of the Latin American revolution are a variety of topics, but some possible causes include the lack of political and social stability, the lack of food and water availability, and the impact of European colonialism. The war plunged Britain into debt. The causes of the Latin American revolutions included the inspiration from the French and American revolution Napoleon's conquest of Spain triggered revolts injustices and repression (committed by royal officials) Political and military jobs controlled by Peninsulares Peninsulares and Creoles controlled wealth . Causes Of The Latin American Revolution. Latin American revolutionaries drew influence from the Enlightenment concepts of equality, self-rule, and natural rights. The states that eventually became Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Honduras declared independence. On September 16, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo raised the banner of the Latin American revolution when he issued his Grito de Dolores, calling for revolt in the small town of Dolores. By 1825, it was all gone, except for a handful of islands in the Caribbeanbroken into several independent states. The new government in Portugal demanded a return to colonial status and subservience for Brazil. What was one effect of the Latin American revolutions of the 19th century? There were 4 major causes of the Latin American Revolution. It remained an empire for nearly 70 years. "Causes of the Latin American Revolution." Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. France, a . While slavery was usually ended during or in the years that followed independence, racist class structures remained, with those of African and indigenous descent remaining largely disadvantaged even if they had gained technical legal equality. These differences were cultural and often a source of great pride among Creole families and regions. What was one effect of the Latin American revolution of the 19th century? Louverture had achieved practical autonomy for Haiti and adopted a new constitution in 1801. How did the Industrial Revolution influence the independence movement in Latin America? A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. While the Latin American Revolutions' effects established independence, most of the young republics faced continued challenges to stability due to internal political conflicts and enduring racial and economic inequality. Show More. However, they defeated the Portuguese military and established control of the entirety of the country by March 1824, when the city of Montevideo, the last major Portuguese stronghold, fell. Inspired by the Americans' successful campaign for independence and by the great thinkers of the Enlightenmentamong them, John Locke and the Baron de Montesquieuother revolutions in . Introduction/Body. In conclusion, the Latin American Revolutions achieved independence but left complicated legacies and created dynamics that still influence events in the region today. Everything you need for your studies in one place. By late 1822, he was facing rebellion from republican opposition. It was also the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery, only doing so in 1888. -________________________________________. Which of the countries below did Simn Bolvar help liberate (check all that apply)? (2021, April 12). Venezuelas Declaration of Independence in 1810, Chile's Independence Day: September 18, 1810, What Is Imperialism? The causes and effects of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century were largely . Apres son match de tennis hier, Samuel n'a \rule{1cm}{1pt} fait. For decades, those in power have been using consumerism as a means to fragment and control those without power. Historian Robert M. Calhoon estimated that only about 40-45% of the free population supported the revolution, while about 15-20% of the free white males remained loyal. 300 words and citations. Why can Mexico's independence be seen as conservative? In the audiencia (court) of Caracas, for example, no native Venezuelans were appointed from 1786 to 1810. However, by the late 1700s, the creole population made up most of the wealthy landowners and merchants in the colonies. But in the end, there was no real going back from such a step. To understand the causes and effects of the Great Depression in Brazil, it is crucial to begin with the Revolution of 1930. Spain was by far the largest colonial power in the Americas. 3 main causes of the Latin American revolution were the resentment by Creoles of being denied access to political power, the spread of Enlightenment ideas, and the impact of the French Revolution. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. At the top, were those born in Spain, called peninsulares. Creoles were upset that they were excluded from the highest government offices under the colonial system, which were reserved only for those born in Spain. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Many Latin American countries achieved independence. First were the problems of the Spanish Empire. Match the definition in Column B with the word in Column A. Not only did it provide a massive distraction and tie up Spanish troops and ships, it pushed many undecided Creoles over the edge in favor of independence. The Spanish empire was larger than the Portuguese empire but both empires had a significant impact on world culture. What were two causes of the Latin American revolutions? He wrote his book in 1921 when the Great Depression was just beginning. In 1889, a coup deposed Dom Pedro II and established a republic in Brazil. Panama late gained independence from Colombia in 1903. It was also largely ostracized from the world community. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. After his execution, Dessalines led resistance to French rule and declared Haiti independent in 1804. Fig 7 - Painting depicting the Battle of Boyac. In many ways, it was a conservative reaction by royalists to events in Spain and fears of the prospects for more complete social revolution. He served as president of the union known as Gran Colombia. The Latin American Revolution took place in countries such as Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru and Venezuela. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Latin American revolutions. What were the causes of the Latin American revolution, according to the author. This caused resentment within the privileged classes. People of pure-blood Spanish descent that were born in the colonies. Latin American Revolution. The term Latin America is used to describe the areas of the Americas where languages that developed from Latin are spoken, namely Spanish, Portuguese, and French. These were people of pure-blood Spanish descent that were born in the colonies. With a weak ruler and the Spanish military tied up, Spain's presence in the New World decreased markedly and the Creoles felt more ignored than ever. leader of Haitian revolution formerly a slave freed Haiti. Question. The Success of the American Revolution showed others that colonies could succeed in overthrowing their more powerful mother countries. The United Provinces later changed their name to Argentina. In 1807, Napoleon invaded Portugal forcing King Dom Joo VI to flee to Brazil with the royal family. What were the causes of the Latin American revolution quizlet? One person made all the rules and the rules were set up to benefit the Spanish governors which was not good. Many revolutions started because of government corruption. In an attempt to rule Europe, Napoleon puts his family and friends in charge of the territories he conquered. Causes: Renaissance encouraged curiosity investigation discovery modern day knowledge. Theblogy.com San Martn now turned his attention to Peru. A series of independence movements in the Americas in the late 1700s and early 1800s are sparked by the Enlightenment and conflict in Europe. The "dark side" of the revolutions was that they were fought, in part, to maintain a racist status quo in the colonies freed of Spanish liberalism. Mexico's first revolt began The colonization of Latin America by European countries brought chaos to the country. The role of Haiti in the other Latin American Revolutions is often under recognized, if recognized at all. Unresolved issues from the independence era, especially political differences between liberals and conservatives and centralists and federalists, contributed to instability after independence in many countries. Britain recognized the United States of America as an independent country and ceded territory to the new United States. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. What was the cause and effect of Bolivar joining the independence movement? With improved medicine more people survived diseases. Students will use the Causes of the American Revolution Readings to fill in the Cause and Effect Graphic Organizer about events such as the French and Indian War,Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Tea Act . While he was able to carve out a liberated zone in southern Venezuela, he repeatedly failed to capture the capital of Caracas. In Brazil and Haiti, circumstances were slightly different but had similar causes of dissatisfaction with the political control of the ruling power. The result of these revolutions was the formation of independent countries in Latin America. By that time, Spain was between a rock and a hard place: The creoles clamored for positions of influence in the colonial bureaucracy and for freer trade. 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